School-aged and adolescent survivors of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment still suffer from neurodevelopmental delays such as verbal, visuo-spatial and working memory problems, motor dysfunction and sensorineural hearing loss, respectively, later in life, which is well-documented by neuropsychological testing within follow-up programs. In this study, we demonstrate that diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in 2-year-old survivors of neonatal ECMO treatment reveals …