Improving MRI turbulence quantification by addressing the measurement errors caused by the derivatives of the turbulent velocity field - Sequence development and in-vitro validation

CONCLUSION: Simple adjustments to current MRI protocols can greatly enhance turbulence measurement accuracy through the reduction of high-order gradient moments. The proposed measures include applying fast velocity encoding, high readout bandwidth, and a highly asymmetric readout. Ringing artifacts due to the asymmetric readout can be removed via a second, inverted …