Level I and II deficits-A clinical survey on international practice of awake craniotomy and definitions of postoperative "major" and "minor" deficits

CONCLUSIONS: This survey demonstrates high variability between neurosurgeons in AC practice across multiple domains, inviting international efforts to reach a consensus regarding the standardization and grading of postoperative deficits. The proposed categories of “level I” and “level II” deficits may aid in this standardization. It allows for systematic assessment of the benefit of surgery in neuro-oncology patients and allows for comparison of surgical outcomes between institutions …