Estradiol-to-follicle ratio on human chorionic gonadotropin day is a novel predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus in women receiving fresh embryo transfer

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that an E2/F ratio over 246.03 pg/ml is significantly associated with a reduced risk of both GDM and OHSS in women undergoing fresh embryo transfer, highlighting the E2/F ratio as a superior predictive biomarker compared to other E2-related …