Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) has traditionally been used to designate any AML disease arising from an antecedent hematologic disorder or following prior cytotoxic or radiation therapy. We now know sAML comprises multiple disease entities with distinct clinical and biological features: AML-myelodysplastic related (AML-MR), myeloproliferative neoplasm-blast phase (MPN-BP), and AML post-cytotoxic therapy (AML-pCT). These entities largely represent adverse-risk phenotypes with …