The superior productivity of C(4) plants is achieved via a metabolic C(4) cycle which acts as a CO(2) pump across mesophyll and bundle sheath (BS) cells and requires an additional input of energy in the form of ATP. The importance of chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like complex (NDH) operating cyclic electron flow (CEF) around Photosystem I (PSI) for C(4) photosynthesis has been shown in reverse genetics studies but the contribution of CEF and NDH to cell-level electron fluxes remained …