Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a sex biased chronic autoimmune disease affecting predominantly females during reproductive ages. Changes in the ratio of inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS)^(+) regulatory (Treg) and non-regulatory responder (Tresp) CD4^(+) T cells proved to be crucial for the occurrence of high disease activity. Here, we investigated how the differentiation of ICOS^(+)CD45RA^(+)CD31^(+) recent thymic emigrant (RTE) Tresps into CD45RA^(-)CD31^(-) memory Tresps …