Human microbiomes, particularly in the gut, could have a major impact on efficacy and toxicity of the drugs. However, gut microbial metabolism is often neglected in the drug discovery and development process. Medicen, a Paris-based human health innovation cluster, has gathered more than thirty international leading experts from pharma, academia, biotech, CROs and regulatory affairs to develop proposals to facilitate integration of the microbiome in drug discovery and development. Seven …