The impact of blood pressure targets and surgical approach (laparoscopic or open) on continuous urinary oxygenation (PuO(2)), a validated surrogate of renal medullary PO(2), during general surgery, is unclear. We aimed to assess the effects of different blood pressure targets and surgical procedures on PuO(2). We randomized patients receiving either laparoscopic or open surgery into two mean arterial pressure (MAP) target groups: usual MAP or a high MAP. We measured PuO(2) in real-time …