Nanopore long-read sequencing enables real-time monitoring and controlling of individual nanopores. This allows to enrich or deplete specific sequences in DNA sequencing in a process called “adaptive sampling”. So far, adaptive sampling was not applicable to direct sequencing of RNA. Here, we show that adaptive sampling is feasible and useful for direct RNA sequencing, which has its specific technical and biological challenges. Employing a well-controlled in vitro transcript-based model …