Risk stratification and prognostication are crucial for the appropriate management of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes or myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS), for whom expected survival can vary from a few months to more than 10 years. For the past five decades, patients with MDS have been classified into higher-risk versus lower-risk disease phenotypes using sequentially developed clinical prognostic scoring systems. Factors such as morphologic dysplasia, clinical hematologic …